Maxwell–Scretching Chain for Nanopore Sequencing and Single-Molecule Electromagnetic Biosensing

Abstract

This paper extends the Maxwell–Scretching Chain (MSC) from its established use in UV–visible DNA spectroscopy into nanopore sequencing, single-molecule biosensing, and ionic-current molecular detection. In classical nanopore systems, individual DNA, RNA, proteins, or other biomolecules are detected by changes in pore current, dwell time, charge-mediated translocation behavior, and local dielectric-field perturbations as each molecule passes through or interacts with the nanopore sensing region. This manuscript proposes that these measurable nanopore signals can be interpreted not only as empirical current-blockade events, but also as electromagnetic response signatures governed by molecular oscillator strength, dielectric loss, polarizability, charge screening, molecular size, and sequence composition. The central contribution of the paper is the development of a Maxwell–Scretching nanopore closure model in which each nucleotide or biomolecule is treated as an electromagnetic perturbing body inside the nanopore field. The model introduces a dimensionless Scretching Nanopore Response Index, Ψ_NP,i, designed to combine molecular optical-electromagnetic properties with nanopore-specific transport variables. This index provides a proposed bridge between molecular composition and experimentally observed nanopore readout quantities, including ionic-current blockade amplitudes, dwell-time variation, and field-dependent translocation signatures. A linear nanopore closure equation, ΔI_i = I₀ · k_NP · Ψ_NP,i, is proposed as the first-order response law, where ΔI_i represents the nucleotide- or biomolecule-specific current change, I₀ is the open-pore baseline current, k_NP is an instrument- and pore-dependent proportionality coefficient, and Ψ_NP,i is the Maxwell–Scretching nanopore response index for molecular species i. The paper applies the proposed relation to illustrative nanopore datasets and explains how deviations from linearity may arise from pore geometry, electrolyte composition, molecular orientation, stochastic translocation dynamics, secondary structure, hydration, and surface-charge interactions. The manuscript also identifies experimental validation targets, including controlled nucleotide standards, sequence-resolved current-blockade libraries, protein nanopore comparisons, solid-state nanopore measurements, and calibration studies linking dielectric and optical molecular properties to nanopore current signatures. The model does not claim to replace existing nanopore sequencing theory; rather, it adds a Maxwell–Scretching electromagnetic closure layer that may help interpret why different nucleotides and biomolecules produce distinguishable electrical signatures. The paper concludes by outlining future experimental confirmation paths and the limitations that must be addressed before the proposed Ψ_NP,i closure can be treated as a predictive nanopore biosensing law._ https://www.youtube.com/@ScretchingQuantumPressLLC https://scretching-quantum-press-research.scretching08.chatgpt.site/